Revenue and spending limits ballot measures

Voters have decided on revenue and spending limits ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this includes measures to cap government income or expenditures. The topic is grouped within the budget and tax policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

Topic information

• State ballot measure topics
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• History of ballot measures by topic

Topic path

State ballot measure

Budget and tax policy

Budget policy

Revenue and spending limits

Related ballot measures

Related state and local ballot measure topics

State ballot measures

Balanced budget requirements Debt limits

Local ballot measures

Local debt limits Local spending and revenue limits

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Budget and tax policy

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Education policy

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Election policy

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Governance policy

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Infrastructure policy

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Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. California Prohibit Exceptions to State Minimum Guarantee for Education Funding Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Massachusetts Change State Tax Revenue Limit Initiative (2026) - Potential

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. California Prohibit Exceptions to State Minimum Guarantee for Education Funding Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Massachusetts Change State Tax Revenue Limit Initiative (2026) - Potential

2025

1. Louisiana Amendment 2, State Tax and Fiscal Policy Changes Amendment (March 2025)

2023

1. Texas Proposition 4, Property Tax Changes and State Education Funding Amendment (2023)

2022

1. Utah Constitutional Amendment A, Emergency Session Appropriation Limits Measure (2022)

2018

1. Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Changes Related to Special Legislative Sessions and State Revenue Measure (2018)

2012

1. Michigan Proposal 5, Two-Thirds Legislative or Voter Approval Requirement for New or Increased Taxes Initiative (2012)
2. Washington Initiative 1185, Tax Increase Approval Requirement Measure (2012)

2009

1. Maine Question 4, Government Spending and Tax Approval Initiative (2009)
2. Washington Lower Property Taxes, Initiative 1033 (2009)

2007

1. Washington Initiative 960, Supermajority Approval for Tax Increases Measure (2007)

2006

1. Maine Question 1, Limit Annual Increase in Government Spending and Require Voter Approval for Tax Increases Initiative (2006)
2. Nebraska Initiative Measure 423, State Spending Limit Amendment (2006)

2000

1. Alaska Measure 4, Property Tax Cap, Assessment Limits, and Uniform Rate Repeal Initiative (2000)

1998

1. Nebraska Initiative Measure 413, Tax and Spending Limits Amendment (1998)

1996

1. Missouri Amendment 4, Voter Approval on Tax Increases Measure (April 1996)
2. South Dakota Amendment B, Supermajority Vote Required to Raise Taxes Measure (1996)
3. Utah Proposition 4, Permit the State to Guarantee School District Debt Amendment (1996)

1994

1. Missouri Amendment 7, Tax Increase Limits Initiative (1994)
2. Montana Government Finance Restrictions, CI-67 (1994)
3. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Limit Property Taxes Measure (1994)

1993

1. Washington Initiative 601, Tax and Expenditure Limits Measure (1993)
2. Washington Initiative 602, State Revenue Collection and Expenditure Limits Measure (1993)

1992

1. Arizona Proposition 104, Local Spending Limit Adjustment Elections Amendment (1992)
2. Colorado Amendment 1, Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights (TABOR) Initiative (1992)
3. Connecticut Question 2, Limits on State Expenditures Amendment (1992)
4. Florida Amendment 4, State Budget and Planning Processes Amendment (1992)
5. Missouri Amendment 9, Commercial Property Surtax Limits Measure (August 1992)

1990

1. South Dakota Amendment E, Limit Property Tax Measure (1990)

1988

1. South Dakota Amendment C, Property Tax Limitation Measure (1988)
2. Utah Initiative A, Create Tax Limitations, Require Voter Approval for Local Taxes, and Limit Government Spending Measure (1988)

1986

1. Alaska Measure 1, Affirm Limits on Annual State Appropriations Amendment (1986)
2. Arizona Proposition 102, Method of Increasing Local Spending Limits Amendment (1986)
3. Massachusetts Question 3, State Income Tax Surtax Repeal and Revenue Growth Limit Initiative (1986)

1984

1. Michigan Proposal C, Require Voter Approval for Tax Increases and Limit Local Nonresident Income Taxes Initiative (1984)
2. Nevada Question 12, Government Taxes and Fees Initiative (1984)

1982

1. Alaska Measure 4, Limits on Annual State Appropriations Amendment (1982)
2. Missouri Amendment 4, Maximum School Taxes Rate Measure (August 1982)

1981

1. Michigan Proposal A, Changes to State Taxes and Revenue Amendment (May 1981)

1980

1. Massachusetts Question 2, "Proposition 2½" Limit on Property Taxes Initiative (1980)
2. Massachusetts Question 3, Tax Limitation and Education Funding Initiative (1980)
3. Michigan Proposal A, School Funding and Elderly Property Tax Break Initiative (1980)
4. Michigan Proposal D, Voter Approval Requirement for New or Increased Taxes Initiative (1980)
5. Missouri Amendment 5, State and Local Tax Limits Initiative (1980)
6. Nevada Question 6, Real Property Tax Limit Initiative (1980)
7. South Dakota Amendment B, Property Tax Measure (1980)
8. Utah Initiative B, Property Tax Limit and Vote Requirements for New Taxes Measure (1980)

1979

1. Washington Initiative 62, State Tax Revenues Limitations Measure (1979)

1978

1. Michigan Proposal E, Tax Limitations and Funding Requirements Initiative (1978)
2. Nevada Question 6, Real Property Tax Limit Initiative (1978)

1976

1. Michigan Proposal C, Tax Limitation Initiative (1976)
2. Utah Initiative C, Create a Five-Year State Budget Ceiling Measure (1976)

1972

1. California Proposition 14, Taxes and Financing Initiative (1972)

1970

1. Washington Initiative 251, Prohibit New Taxes and Existing Tax Increases Measure (1970)

1957

1. Maine Constitutional Amendment 1, State Guaranteed Loans for Industrial Purposes Amendment (September 1957)

1936

1. Nevada State Question 3, State Tax Levy Limitation Initiative (1936)

1924

1. Missouri Amendment 12, Revise Taxation Limit and Revolving Funds Measure (February 1924)

1916

1. Washington Referendum 9, State and Local Budgets Measure (1916)

1912

1. Missouri Amendment 6, Single Tax Initiative (1912)

1910

1. Missouri Amendment 9, Local Property Tax Rate Limit Increase Measure (1910)

Alaska

1. Alaska Measure 1, Affirm Limits on Annual State Appropriations Amendment (1986)
2. Alaska Measure 4, Limits on Annual State Appropriations Amendment (1982)
3. Alaska Measure 4, Property Tax Cap, Assessment Limits, and Uniform Rate Repeal Initiative (2000)

Arizona

1. Arizona Proposition 102, Method of Increasing Local Spending Limits Amendment (1986)
2. Arizona Proposition 104, Local Spending Limit Adjustment Elections Amendment (1992)

California

1. California Prohibit Exceptions to State Minimum Guarantee for Education Funding Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. California Proposition 14, Taxes and Financing Initiative (1972)

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment 1, Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights (TABOR) Initiative (1992)

Connecticut

1. Connecticut Question 2, Limits on State Expenditures Amendment (1992)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 4, State Budget and Planning Processes Amendment (1992)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Amendment 2, State Tax and Fiscal Policy Changes Amendment (March 2025)

Maine

1. Maine Constitutional Amendment 1, State Guaranteed Loans for Industrial Purposes Amendment (September 1957)
2. Maine Question 1, Limit Annual Increase in Government Spending and Require Voter Approval for Tax Increases Initiative (2006)
3. Maine Question 4, Government Spending and Tax Approval Initiative (2009)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Change State Tax Revenue Limit Initiative (2026) - Potential
2. Massachusetts Question 2, "Proposition 2½" Limit on Property Taxes Initiative (1980)
3. Massachusetts Question 3, State Income Tax Surtax Repeal and Revenue Growth Limit Initiative (1986)
4. Massachusetts Question 3, Tax Limitation and Education Funding Initiative (1980)

Michigan

1. Michigan Proposal 5, Two-Thirds Legislative or Voter Approval Requirement for New or Increased Taxes Initiative (2012)
2. Michigan Proposal A, Changes to State Taxes and Revenue Amendment (May 1981)
3. Michigan Proposal A, School Funding and Elderly Property Tax Break Initiative (1980)
4. Michigan Proposal C, Require Voter Approval for Tax Increases and Limit Local Nonresident Income Taxes Initiative (1984)
5. Michigan Proposal C, Tax Limitation Initiative (1976)
6. Michigan Proposal D, Voter Approval Requirement for New or Increased Taxes Initiative (1980)
7. Michigan Proposal E, Tax Limitations and Funding Requirements Initiative (1978)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 12, Revise Taxation Limit and Revolving Funds Measure (February 1924)
2. Missouri Amendment 4, Maximum School Taxes Rate Measure (August 1982)
3. Missouri Amendment 4, Voter Approval on Tax Increases Measure (April 1996)
4. Missouri Amendment 5, State and Local Tax Limits Initiative (1980)
5. Missouri Amendment 6, Single Tax Initiative (1912)
6. Missouri Amendment 7, Tax Increase Limits Initiative (1994)
7. Missouri Amendment 9, Commercial Property Surtax Limits Measure (August 1992)
8. Missouri Amendment 9, Local Property Tax Rate Limit Increase Measure (1910)

Montana

1. Montana Government Finance Restrictions, CI-67 (1994)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Initiative Measure 413, Tax and Spending Limits Amendment (1998)
2. Nebraska Initiative Measure 423, State Spending Limit Amendment (2006)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 12, Government Taxes and Fees Initiative (1984)
2. Nevada Question 6, Real Property Tax Limit Initiative (1978)
3. Nevada Question 6, Real Property Tax Limit Initiative (1980)
4. Nevada State Question 3, State Tax Levy Limitation Initiative (1936)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment B, Property Tax Measure (1980)
2. South Dakota Amendment B, Supermajority Vote Required to Raise Taxes Measure (1996)
3. South Dakota Amendment C, Property Tax Limitation Measure (1988)
4. South Dakota Amendment E, Limit Property Tax Measure (1990)
5. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Limit Property Taxes Measure (1994)

Texas

1. Texas Proposition 4, Property Tax Changes and State Education Funding Amendment (2023)

Utah

1. Utah Constitutional Amendment A, Emergency Session Appropriation Limits Measure (2022)
2. Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Changes Related to Special Legislative Sessions and State Revenue Measure (2018)
3. Utah Initiative A, Create Tax Limitations, Require Voter Approval for Local Taxes, and Limit Government Spending Measure (1988)
4. Utah Initiative B, Property Tax Limit and Vote Requirements for New Taxes Measure (1980)
5. Utah Initiative C, Create a Five-Year State Budget Ceiling Measure (1976)
6. Utah Proposition 4, Permit the State to Guarantee School District Debt Amendment (1996)

Washington

1. Washington Initiative 1185, Tax Increase Approval Requirement Measure (2012)
2. Washington Initiative 251, Prohibit New Taxes and Existing Tax Increases Measure (1970)
3. Washington Initiative 601, Tax and Expenditure Limits Measure (1993)
4. Washington Initiative 602, State Revenue Collection and Expenditure Limits Measure (1993)
5. Washington Initiative 62, State Tax Revenues Limitations Measure (1979)
6. Washington Initiative 960, Supermajority Approval for Tax Increases Measure (2007)
7. Washington Lower Property Taxes, Initiative 1033 (2009)
8. Washington Referendum 9, State and Local Budgets Measure (1916)

See also

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Footnotes

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